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[ Home ] |
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[ Home ] |
[ Study Area ] |
[ Forest Types ] |
[ References ] |
[ The Team ] |
[ Contact ] |
[ Links ] |
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Nearly erect to straggling, rigid under shrub, 1-2 m high, armed with 0.5-1.8 cm long spines and bearing tufts of straight, green, 0.6-2.5 cm long cladodes; branches rough, striate. Flowers 3-5 mm diameter, in single or branched, 2.5-9 cm long racemes. Berry 5-7 mm in diameter, red in colour.
Roots appetizer, diuretic, aphrodisiac, laxative, astringent, usefulin diarrhoea and dysentery. |
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Evergreen, 1-3 m tall shrub; branches and underside of leaves white, minutely felted-tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, 6-15 x 1.5-4.5 cm, prominently nerved beneath. Flowers white, fragrant, 5-6 mm diameter, 4 merous, crowded in 4-15 cm long, terminal or axillary, solitary or panicled spikes. Capsule valves minutely 2 fid; seeds brown, winged.
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Erect or sub erect, hoary shrub, attaining 1-1.5 m; inflorescence and young parts floccosely white-tomentose. Leaves thick, ovate or obovate-oblong to elliptic or broadly ovate, usually 6-18 x 3.5-12.5 cm, with several erect, linear, pale or purple processes about the cordate or amplexicaul base. Flowers white, blotched with purple or purplish-pink, 2-2.5 cm diameter, in umbellate cymes on stout lateral peduncles. Follicles turgid, 8-10 x 3.5-6 cm, recurved.
Considered sacred by Hindus. Root bark, diaphoretic, stimulant and expectronent. Latex acts as an antidote against scorpion bite. |
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Capparis sepiaria L. Family : Capparidaceae Vernacular : Rihar Characters : Large, evergreen tomentose shrub; twigs often sub flexouse; stipular thorns short, recurved, tomentose. Leaves ovate to elliptic, 2-7.5 x 1.2-4 cm, ultimately glabrous at least above. Flowers white, up to 1.3 cm across, in terminal umbels. Sepals 4, concave, inner two globose, 5-8 mm in diameter, black. |
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Evergreen, diffuse, lactiferous shrub, reaching about 2.5-3 m,with grey bark and 1-4 cm long, stout thorns; branches divaricate. Leaves coriaceous, shining, ovate or sub-orbicular, 1-5 x 0.8-3.5 cm.flowers scented, white or tinged with pink, 0.8-2 cm diameter in terminal and axillary, 3 many flowered cymes. Berries dark purple, ovoid or sub globose, 0.6 x 0.6 to 1.2 x 0.8 cm, juicy.
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Much branched, 1-2 m tall, hoary shrub; branchlets, inflorescence and undersurface of leaves grey white with woolly tomentum. Leaves soft,thick, elliptic-oblong, 10-28.5 x 3-12 cm, acuminate. Flowers minute, white, polygamous in dense whorls forming erect, panicled spikes; calyx teeth white-plumose, much elongate in fruit.
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Evergreen, 1-3 m high; shoots reddish, viscid. Leaves light green oblong lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3.5-12 x 0.5-1.8 cm. Flowers dioecious, greenish yellow, 5-7 mm diameter in axillary and terminal cymes. Capsule cream-yellow, loculicidally 2-3 valved, valves broad winged; seeds black.
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Evergreen shrub, straggling or extensively climbing; young parts tomentose. Leaves shining, ovate or elliptic, acuminate, 8-18 x 3-10 cm, coriaceous. Flowers fragrant, white with a yellow blotch, in axillary and branched, terminal racemes; petals fimbriate, reflexed; style curved. Fruit of 1-3, unequally 3 winged samaras; wings coriaceous, middle one 3.5-4.5 cm long, laterals nearly half as long.
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Indigofera tinctoria L. Family : Fabaceae Vernacular : Neel Characters : Shrub, 0.5–1.6 m tall. Leaves 5-9 cm long, leafelts 7-13, obovate, oblong or oblanceolate, 1-2.5 x 0.5-1.7 cm, almost glabrous above, adpressedly silvery-pubescent beneath. Flowers pink, in 2-6 cm long, lax racemes. Pod 2-3.5 cm long, straight or slightly curved, 8-12 seeded, ultimately glabrous. |
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Erect, 1.5-2 m tall shrub with red older branches. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 8-17.5 x 1.5-4 cm, densely grey tomentose beneath, distantly cuspidate-serrate. Heads yellow, homogamous, 5-7 mm diameter in terminal and axillary corymbs. Achenes subterete, pubescent on ribs; pappus dirty-white.
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Evergreen bushy or sometimes nearly erect shrub, 0.6-2 m high, with foetid small and grey velvety-pubescent younger parts. Leaves dark green, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, 8-20 x 2.5-9 cm acuminate. Flowers white, purple lined on lower lip, 2.5-3 cm long, in compact axillary, 2.5-9 cm long spikes; bracts foliaceous. Capsule clevate, 2.5 cm long, bursting with an audible sound.
Leaves and roots useful in cough, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and insecticidal. ‘Vascicine’ reported to have oxytocic effect on uterus. |
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Roughly hairy, aromatic, straggling shrubs; branches prickly, 4-angled. Leaves shortly petioled, rugose, scabrid with rough hairs, ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate, lamina 4-8 cm long. Flowers crowded in axillary, long stalked, bracteate, ovoid heads. Calyx very small. Corolla white, pale-purple or yellow, hairy, tube long, curved, limb spreading. Fruits smooth, shining purple, turning to black on maturity.
Whole plant is considered vulnerary, diaphoretic, carminative and antispasmodic. Decoction is given in tetanus, rheumatism and malaria. Infusion of leaves taken internally for bilious fever and catarrhal infections; externally it is used in the form of lotion against eczema. |
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Coarse, 1-1.5 m tall, stout, viscid herb with disagreeable odor. Leaves cordate sticky, 10-30 cm long and about as broad, sinuate-toothed. Bracts large, petaloid. Flowers gaudy, pinkish or white, blotched with deep purple on corolla lobes, 4-5 x 2.5-3 cm. Fruit characteristic, green, about 2.5 cm long with hooked beak and sculptured, woody, finally black endocarp with a pair of hooked, spinous beaks.
Leaves reported to be used in epilepsy. Juice used as gargle for sore throat. Fruit considered as alexiteric and useful in inflammations |
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Erect or half straggling, 2-3 m tall shrub, armed with straight and hooked prickles; young branches reddish, tomentose. Leaves 2 pinnate; rachis downy, 8-18 cm long, with 7-13 pairs of 2.5-4.5 cm long pinnae. Leaflets 8-25 pairs, linear oblong, 4-7 mm long, pale and more or less pubescent beneath. Flowers 4 merous, pink, fading white, in axillary globose, fascicled heads 1.2-1.8 cm diameter. Pods falcate, linear-oblong, 5-10 x 1cm, 4-9 jointed.
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Nerium indicum Mill. Family : Apocynaceae Vernacular : Lal Gandeela Characters : Evergreen shrub with stout, 1-2.5 m long erect or ascending, grey stems. Leaves thickly coriaceous, linear-lanceolate , 5-22 x 0.5-3 cm, with stout midrib and obscure lateral nerves, dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers fragrant, rose-coloured, 2.5-3 cm diameter in cymes on stout, terminal peduncles. Follicles erect, 12-28 x 0.7 cm striate; seeds villous, 5mm long, terminally comose with brown hairs.
All plant parts poisonous. Root paste externally applied in hemorrhoids and ulcerations. Fresh leaf juice dropped in eye for lachrymation in opthalmia. Fragrant flowers are used as votive offerings in temples |
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Shrub or tree let, attaining about 3 m; twigs dark greyish, often armed. Leaves shining, often clustered on abbreviated shoots, oblong, obovate or oblanceolate, 2-5 x 0.8-2 cm, cuneate. Flowers bright red, about 3.5 cm long, terminal, solitary or 2-3 together. Calyx leathery, greenish-red; petals wrinkled. Berry globose, with a reddish-brown rind, 3-4 cm diameter, crowned by calyx-lobe. Seeds embedded in pinkish or whitish, acidic, juicy pulp.
Widely used as ‘Anardana’ a condiment and in making ‘Chutneys’. It is anthelmintic, astringent,cardiac and expectronent; also used in brain infections and coughs. Fruit good source of vitamin ‘C’, seed juice a favorite drink. Flower buds used in bronchitis. |
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Randia tetrasperma Roxb Family : Rubiaceae Vernacular : Rara, Jhar-Jhujru Characters : Shrub or small tree with grey to almost black bark and stout, 1-3.5 cm long, axillary thorns. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, 4-12 x 2.5-6.5 cm, narrowed in to marginate petiole. Flowers light or greenish yellow, 1-3 at the ends of short shoots. Berry globose or ovoid, 2-3.5 cm long, yellow, crowned by foliaceous calyx lobes.
Locally used as detergent. Fruit pulp acts as valuable emetic. It is considered expectronent, diaphoretic, anthelmintic and abortifacient. Seeds tonic; bark astringent and is given in diarrhea and dysentery. |
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Shrub or small tree; bark dark grey. New shoots, inflorescence and undersurface of leaves minutely tomentose. Leaves ovate oblong, 5-16 x 2-8.5 cm. Mixed with much smaller ones. Flowers small, green, in axillary racemes of short cymes. Drupe 5 mm across, 3 lobed.
Bark tonic, astringent and deobstrucnt. Leaf juice given in malarial fever and for expelling intestinal worms. |
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Evergreen shrub or small tree with young parts coated with a glaucous bloom; stems and petioles hollow. Leaves large, orbicular, palmately lobed, irregularly toothed. Styles various shades of red and yellow. Capsules generally 1.5-2 cm long; seeds mottled.
Seeds poisonous. ‘Castor oil’ obtained from the seeds is used as purgative. Used in ointments as a soothing agent and as an oil vehicle in eye drops. Castor oil used in making contraceptive pills. |
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Evergreen straggling large shrub armed with curved prickles; branches sulcate, tomentose. Leaves pinnately 3 foliate; leaflets thick, orbicular to broad ovate or obovate, 2.5-8 x 1.5-8 cm, closely serrated, wrinkled above. Flowers white 1.5-1.5 cm diameter in axillary and terminal panicles.Drupes yellow, 1.5-2mm long, many on a villous receptacle.
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About 2-5 m high with spreading crown; branches and inflorescence densely stellately white or yellowish tomentose; bark dark grey. Leaves softly coriaceous, elliptic lanceolate, 10-25 x 5-13 cm. Flowers white, 1.2-1.8 cm diameter, crowded in dichotomous, corymbose cymes. Berry 0.8-1 cm I diameter.
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shrub, attaining height of 3-4 m, almost leafless when in full bloom, branches arching. Leaves distichous or in threes, ovate-lanceolate, 6-10 x 1.5-3.2 cm, greyish and conspicuously black dotted beneath. Flowers red, 1.6-2.5 long (including stamens), in short, panicled panicled cymes. Calyx red, curved, in fruit contracted below its mouth. Stamens 12. Capsule 8-9 mm long.
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